The term "endoscope" originated from Greek, in which "endo" refers to internal meaning. The appearance of endoscope not only extends the surgeon's eyes, but also greatly increases the resolution and clarity. On the operating table, we can often hear the chief surgeon say "closer", "farther" and "say goodbye" to the helper holding the mirror, but the helper can't satisfy him. It really means "I put my eyes on the lens, how to take the lens into the ditch". Next, I will take you to learn the basic knowledge of endoscope.

　　1概念

　　1 Concept

　　内窥镜是一种常用的医疗器械.由导光束结构及一组镜头组成。经人体的天然孔道或经小切断进入人体内，经过设备外部成像用于人体器官或安排的查看及手术。而临床上常用的腹腔镜归于硬式内窥镜，是指使用一系列光学柱状晶体透镜将影像传送到接目镜，并经过衔接独立摄像头进行成像的设备。

　　Endoscope is a kind of common medical equipment, which consists of a guiding beam structure and a set of lenses. Enter the human body through the natural channels or small cuts, and use the external imaging of the equipment for the inspection and surgical treatment of human organs or arrangements. The commonly used clinical laparoscope belongs to hard endoscope, which refers to the equipment that uses a series of optical cylindrical lens to transmit the image to the eyepiece, and then through the connection of independent camera for imaging.

　　2内窥镜的分类

　　2 classification of endoscopes

　　按成像原理分：光学镜（柱状透镜）、纤维镜、电子镜

　　According to imaging principle: optical mirror (cylindrical lens), fiber mirror and electronic mirror

　　按功用分：腹腔镜、膀胱镜、关节镜、胃肠镜、胆道镜等

　　According to function: laparoscope, cystoscope, arthroscope, gastroenteroscope, choledochoscope, etc

　　按形态分：硬式内窥镜、软式内窥镜

　　Classified by form: hard endoscope and soft endoscope

　　按用处分：腹腔镜、电切镜、鼻窦镜等

　　Punishment according to use: laparoscope, electrosurgery, sinoscope, etc

　　按视点分：关于视点的描绘多数指的是硬式内窥镜，依据查看部位的要求，提供不同的视野视点，可分为0°、12°、30°、70°等，应用于不同的手术科室。

　　According to the view point: the description of the view point mostly refers to the hard endoscope. According to the requirements of the viewing part, different view points can be provided, which can be divided into 0 °, 12 °, 30 °, 70 ° and so on. They are applied to different surgical departments.

　　3硬式内窥镜的结构

　　3. Structure of hard endoscope

　　4硬式内窥镜的色环

　　4 color ring of hard endoscope

　　内窥镜有多种视点可选，咱们能够经过不同的颜色标识就能够知道镜子的视点，具体如下：

　　There are many kinds of view points for endoscope. We can know the view point of the mirror through different color marks. The details are as follows:

　　看了这么多视点的镜头，是不是会有一种主意，能不能把各种视点的镜头合为一体呢？近年来，就有了一种新镜头—变色龙镜（Endo Cameleon），它在0°-120°之间能够调整视野视点，经过旋转调节镜头前端的物镜，实现视向视点无缝切换，与现有的10mm腹腔镜镜头相比，大大扩展了应用规模!

　　After seeing so many views of the lens, is there an idea, can we put all kinds of views of the lens into one? In recent years, there has been a new lens, the endo cameleon, which can adjust the field of view between 0 ° - 120 °. After rotating and adjusting the objective lens at the front of the lens, it can realize the seamless switching of the view point. Compared with the existing 10 mm laparoscopic lens, it has greatly expanded the application scale!

　　镜中世界千百态，觉知此事要实践。要想用好内窥镜就要对其原理有深入的了解，内窥镜延展了外科医师的视野，使微创手术得以实现，为广大患者带来了福音。镜下世界，原来如此，不知小编的介绍对你是否有用，你是否存有疑问，欢迎大家提问！

　　There are thousands of states in the world in the mirror. If we want to use the endoscope well, we need to have a deep understanding of its principle. The endoscope extends the vision of the surgeon, enables the minimally invasive surgery to be realized, and brings the gospel for the majority of patients. The world under the mirror, so it is. I wonder if the introduction of Xiaobian is useful to you and if you have any questions. Welcome to ask!