在内窥镜精密的 “身体” 里，光纤如同传递视觉信号的 “生命线”，一旦受损，就会影响检查和手术的精准度。而内窥镜光纤的维修，堪称一场与微观世界对话的 “精密手术”，需要深入了解其技术原理与修复要点，才能让这条 “生命线” 重焕生机。

　　In the precise "body" of the endoscope, the optical fiber is like a "lifeline" that transmits visual signals. Once damaged, it will affect the accuracy of inspection and surgery. The maintenance of endoscopic optical fibers can be regarded as a "precision surgery" that engages in dialogue with the microscopic world. It requires a deep understanding of its technical principles and repair points in order to revitalize this "lifeline".

　　想要修复光纤，得先搞懂它的构造与工作原理。内窥镜中的光纤通常由纤芯、包层和涂覆层组成。纤芯是传输光信号的核心，包层的折射率低于纤芯，能通过全反射将光线牢牢 “锁” 在纤芯内传输，涂覆层则起到保护光纤、增强柔韧性的作用。当内窥镜工作时，外部光源发出的光线经光纤传入体内，照亮检查部位，反射回来的光线再通过另一组光纤传递到成像系统，让医生能清晰观察体内情况。但在实际使用中，光纤可能因弯折过度、碰撞等原因受损，导致图像模糊、亮度下降甚至完全黑屏，这时就需要专业的维修技术介入。

　　To repair optical fibers, one must first understand their structure and working principles. The optical fiber in an endoscope is usually composed of a core, a cladding, and a coating layer. The fiber core is the core for transmitting optical signals, and the refractive index of the cladding is lower than that of the fiber core. It can firmly "lock" the light inside the fiber core for transmission through total reflection, while the coating layer plays a role in protecting the optical fiber and enhancing its flexibility. When the endoscope is working, the light emitted by the external light source is transmitted into the body through optical fibers, illuminating the examination site. The reflected light is then transmitted to the imaging system through another set of optical fibers, allowing doctors to observe the internal situation clearly. However, in practical use, optical fibers may be damaged due to excessive bending, collisions, and other reasons, resulting in blurry images, decreased brightness, or even complete black screens. In this case, professional repair techniques are needed to intervene.

　　光纤断裂是常见故障，熔接技术是解决这一问题的关键。维修时，首先要精准定位断裂点，可借助显微镜或专用检测设备，找到受损位置后，将断裂的光纤两端切割平整，确保断面光滑、垂直，这一步直接影响熔接效果。接着，使用光纤熔接机，通过高压放电产生高温，使光纤两端的玻璃材质熔化并融合在一起。熔接过程中，要严格控制放电强度和时间，强度过大或时间过长，会导致光纤变形、损耗增加；强度不足或时间过短，则无法完全熔合。熔接完成后，还需对熔接点进行加固处理，通常会套上热缩管，加热收缩后紧密包裹熔接点，增强其机械强度，防止再次断裂。

　　Fiber optic fracture is a common fault, and fusion splicing technology is the key to solving this problem. When repairing, the first step is to accurately locate the fracture point, which can be done with the help of a microscope or specialized testing equipment. After finding the damaged location, the two ends of the broken optical fiber should be cut flat to ensure a smooth and vertical cross-section. This step directly affects the welding effect. Next, using a fiber fusion splicer, high temperature is generated through high-voltage discharge to melt and fuse the glass materials at both ends of the fiber together. During the welding process, it is necessary to strictly control the discharge intensity and time. If the intensity is too high or the time is too long, it will cause deformation and increased loss of the optical fiber; If the strength is insufficient or the time is too short, complete fusion cannot be achieved. After the welding is completed, it is necessary to reinforce the welding point, usually by covering it with a heat shrink tube. After heating and shrinking, it tightly wraps around the welding point to enhance its mechanical strength and prevent it from breaking again.

　　光纤损耗过大也是影响内窥镜性能的重要问题，这可能由光纤老化、污染或连接不良等原因导致。对于因污染造成的损耗，维修人员需使用专用的清洁工具和试剂，如无尘布、光纤清洁液，小心擦拭光纤端面，去除灰尘、油污等杂质，确保光信号能顺利通过。若是连接不良，就要检查光纤连接器，查看是否存在松动、氧化等情况。若连接器松动，需重新插拔并固定；若发生氧化，可用专用砂纸轻轻打磨，去除氧化层后再进行连接。对于老化严重的光纤，往往需要整体更换，以恢复内窥镜的正常工作性能。

　　Excessive fiber loss is also an important issue affecting the performance of endoscopes, which may be caused by fiber aging, contamination, or poor connections. For losses caused by pollution, maintenance personnel need to use specialized cleaning tools and reagents, such as dust-free cloths and fiber cleaning solutions, carefully wipe the fiber end face, remove dust, oil stains and other impurities, and ensure that the optical signal can pass smoothly. If the connection is poor, it is necessary to check the fiber optic connector for looseness, oxidation, and other conditions. If the connector is loose, it needs to be re plugged and fixed; If oxidation occurs, use specialized sandpaper to gently polish and remove the oxide layer before connecting. For severely aged optical fibers, it is often necessary to replace them as a whole to restore the normal working performance of the endoscope.

　　在维修过程中，还有一些细节不容忽视。比如，光纤十分脆弱，操作时必须轻拿轻放，避免过度弯折或拉扯；每次维修前后，都要用专业设备对光纤的性能进行检测，包括光功率、衰减值等指标，确保维修效果达标。此外，随着技术发展，一些新型内窥镜采用了更复杂的光纤束结构，维修难度也相应增加，这就要求维修人员不断学习新技术、掌握新工具，提升维修水平。

　　During the repair process, there are still some details that cannot be ignored. For example, optical fibers are very fragile and must be handled with care to avoid excessive bending or pulling; Before and after each maintenance, professional equipment should be used to test the performance of the optical fiber, including optical power, attenuation value, and other indicators, to ensure that the maintenance effect meets the standard. In addition, with the development of technology, some new endoscopes have adopted more complex fiber optic bundle structures, and the difficulty of maintenance has correspondingly increased. This requires maintenance personnel to continuously learn new technologies, master new tools, and improve their maintenance level.

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