在医疗设备的使用过程中，内窥镜的正常运行对诊断结果至关重要。以下针对内窥镜常见故障，进行详细的故障现象分析、检测流程及处理方法优化，确保故障能够得到及时、准确的排除。​

The normal operation of endoscopes is crucial for diagnostic results during the use of medical equipment. The following provides a detailed analysis of common malfunctions in endoscopes, optimizing the detection process and handling methods to ensure timely and accurate troubleshooting. ​

故障一：气水喷嘴堵塞​

Fault 1: Blockage of air-water nozzle

故障现象​

Fault phenomenon

当按下送气送水按钮后，正常情况下应迅速有水流从气水喷嘴喷出，但此时水流极为微弱，甚至完全无法流出 ，严重影响内窥镜检查过程中对视野的清洁与观察，干扰诊断工作的正常开展。​

When the air and water supply button is pressed, under normal circumstances, water should quickly spray out from the air and water nozzle. However, at this time, the water flow is extremely weak, or even completely unable to flow out, seriously affecting the cleanliness and observation of the field of view during endoscopic examination, and interfering with the normal development of diagnostic work. ​

故障检测​

Fault detection

首先对气泵系统进行全面检查，通过专业的气压检测设备，监测气泵的输出气压是否在正常工作范围（一般为 [X] - [X] kPa），同时观察气泵的运行状态，包括电机运转声音、振动情况等，确认气泵的供电、机械部件均无异常。排除气泵故障后，根据气水输送原理，可初步判断是气水喷嘴发生堵塞。​

Firstly, conduct a comprehensive inspection of the air pump system, using professional air pressure detection equipment to monitor whether the output air pressure of the air pump is within the normal working range (generally [X] - [X] kPa). At the same time, observe the operating status of the air pump, including motor operation sound, vibration, etc., to confirm that the power supply and mechanical components of the air pump are normal. After troubleshooting the air pump, based on the principle of air-water transportation, it can be preliminarily determined that the air-water nozzle is blocked. ​

故障处理​

Fault handling

气水喷嘴通过螺丝牢固锁定在内窥镜先端部，进行拆卸时，需使用专用的螺丝刀，按照逆时针方向缓慢旋转螺丝，力度要均匀，避免因用力过猛导致螺丝滑丝或损坏周边部件。取下气水喷嘴后，可使用直径合适的细钢丝（如 0.5mm），小心翼翼地深入喷嘴内部，轻柔地将堵塞的异物勾出。在这一过程中，严禁使用尖锐、过硬的工具，如镊子、铁钉等，因为喷嘴材质较软，尖锐工具极易造成喷嘴内壁划伤、变形，或导致喷嘴与连接部位松动，引发新的故障。​

The air-water nozzle is securely locked to the tip of the endoscope using screws. When disassembling, a specialized screwdriver should be used to slowly rotate the screw counterclockwise with even force to avoid slipping or damaging surrounding components due to excessive force. After removing the air-water nozzle, a thin steel wire with a suitable diameter (such as 0.5mm) can be used to carefully penetrate into the nozzle and gently hook out any blocked foreign objects. During this process, it is strictly prohibited to use sharp and hard tools such as tweezers, iron nails, etc., as the nozzle material is relatively soft and sharp tools can easily cause scratches, deformation, or loosening of the nozzle and connection parts, leading to new faults. ​

异物清除后，将气水喷嘴放入专用的清洗剂溶液中浸泡 15 - 20 分钟，利用清洗剂的溶解和乳化作用，彻底清除残留的污垢和杂质，随后用清水进行反复冲洗，确保无清洗剂残留。清洗完成后，将喷嘴放置在干净、干燥、通风良好的环境中自然晾干，避免使用高温烘干设备，防止因温度过高导致喷嘴材料变形。​

After removing foreign objects, immerse the air-water nozzle in a specialized cleaning solution for 15-20 minutes. Utilize the dissolution and emulsification effects of the cleaning agent to thoroughly remove any remaining dirt and impurities. Then rinse repeatedly with clean water to ensure that there are no cleaning agent residues. After cleaning, place the nozzle in a clean, dry, and well ventilated environment to air dry naturally. Avoid using high-temperature drying equipment to prevent deformation of the nozzle material due to high temperatures. ​

与此同时，使用高压气体对气水管道进行吹扫，将管道内可能存在的异物碎屑排出。完成上述步骤后，将内窥镜与主机正确连接，开启送气功能，检查气路是否畅通。确认无误后，将气水喷嘴重新安装回原位，顺时针拧紧螺丝，拧紧力矩需控制在规定范围内（一般为 [X] N・m） 。最后，在螺丝孔处及先端部气水喷嘴周围均匀涂抹一层密封胶，以增强密封性，防止气体和液体泄漏，至此故障排除。​

At the same time, high-pressure gas is used to blow the gas water pipeline and remove any foreign objects or debris that may exist inside the pipeline. After completing the above steps, connect the endoscope correctly to the host, turn on the air supply function, and check if the air path is unobstructed. After confirming that there are no errors, reinstall the air-water nozzle back in place, tighten the screws clockwise, and control the tightening torque within the specified range (usually [X] N · m). Finally, apply a layer of sealant evenly around the screw hole and the tip of the air-water nozzle to enhance sealing and prevent gas and liquid leakage, thus eliminating the fault. ​

故障二：监视器图像模糊、暗淡​

Fault 2: The monitor image is blurry and dim

故障现象​

Fault phenomenon

在内窥镜使用过程中，监视器屏幕显示的图像出现模糊不清的情况，物体边缘轮廓难以分辨，同时图像整体亮度明显降低，呈现暗淡状态，并且伴随不规则的条纹干扰，严重影响医生对病灶的观察与判断。​

During the use of endoscopes, the image displayed on the monitor screen appears blurry, making it difficult to distinguish the edge contours of objects. At the same time, the overall brightness of the image significantly decreases, presenting a dim state, and accompanied by irregular stripe interference, seriously affecting the doctor's observation and judgment of lesions. ​

故障检测​

Fault detection

首先对电缆连接进行细致检查，查看电缆与内窥镜、主机、监视器之间的接口是否牢固，有无松动、氧化、变形等情况。使用万用表对电缆的导通性进行测试，确保电缆内部线路无断路、短路问题，经检测确认连接正常，无接触不良现象。​

Firstly, conduct a detailed inspection of the cable connection to check if the interface between the cable and the endoscope, host, and monitor is secure, and if there are any looseness, oxidation, deformation, or other issues. Use a multimeter to test the conductivity of the cable, ensuring that there are no open or short circuits in the internal wiring of the cable. After testing, it has been confirmed that the connection is normal and there are no poor contacts. ​

接着，使用专业的镜头纸，按照从中心向边缘螺旋式的擦拭方法，对物镜镜头进行清洁，去除表面可能存在的灰尘、污渍。清洁完成后，再次观察监视器图像，发现故障依然存在，由此判断故障原因并非物镜表面污染或擦痕所致，可排除物镜及电缆因素。​

Next, use professional lens paper and use a spiral wiping method from the center to the edge to clean the objective lens and remove any dust or stains that may exist on the surface. After cleaning, observing the monitor image again, it was found that the fault still existed. Therefore, it was determined that the cause of the fault was not due to surface contamination or scratches on the objective lens, and the factors of the objective lens and cable could be ruled out. ​

随后，打开监视器外壳，对其内部电源电路进行检测。使用万用表测量整流桥后的直流电压，发现直流 300V 电源滤波电容出现明显的鼓包、变形现象。根据电路原理，滤波电容的主要作用是稳定直流电压，当电容漏电时，会导致输出电压不稳定且偏低，进而影响图像信号的正常处理和显示，因此可确定电容漏电、电压太低是引发该故障的主要原因。​

Subsequently, open the monitor casing and inspect its internal power circuit. Using a multimeter to measure the DC voltage after the rectifier bridge, it was found that the filtering capacitor of the DC 300V power supply had obvious bulging and deformation phenomena. According to the circuit principle, the main function of the filtering capacitor is to stabilize the DC voltage. When the capacitor leaks, it will cause the output voltage to be unstable and low, thereby affecting the normal processing and display of image signals. Therefore, it can be determined that capacitor leakage and low voltage are the main causes of this fault. ​

故障处理​

Fault handling

更换故障电容时，需选择与原电容参数（容量、耐压值等）完全相同的产品。先使用电烙铁对故障电容的引脚进行加热，待焊锡融化后，小心取下旧电容，清理焊接点上残留的焊锡和杂质。然后将新电容正确安装到焊接点上，确保引脚与电路板焊接牢固，无虚焊、假焊现象。焊接完成后，仔细检查电路板上是否存在短路、元件损坏等其他问题。确认无误后，将监视器外壳重新安装好，接通电源，开启内窥镜设备，此时监视器图像恢复清晰、明亮，故障成功排除。​

When replacing a faulty capacitor, it is necessary to choose a product with exactly the same parameters as the original capacitor (capacity, withstand voltage, etc.). First, use an electric soldering iron to heat the pins of the faulty capacitor. After the solder melts, carefully remove the old capacitor and clean the remaining solder and impurities on the soldering point. Then correctly install the new capacitor onto the soldering point, ensuring that the pins are firmly soldered to the circuit board without any virtual soldering or false soldering. After welding, carefully inspect the circuit board for short circuits, component damage, and other issues. After confirming the accuracy, reinstall the monitor housing, turn on the power, and turn on the endoscope device. At this point, the monitor image returns to clear and bright, and the fault is successfully resolved. ​

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