With the change of the market, the railway industry develops faster and faster. At the same time, the railway industry also puts forward higher requirements for the quality and efficiency of railway vehicle maintenance. Therefore, in view of the actual situation of vehicle maintenance in the railway market, the Ministry of Railways of our country has reformed the system of vehicle maintenance in our country, extended the period of factory repair and depot repair, and shortened the time of vehicle maintenance. Therefore, how to improve the efficiency of maintenance work under the premise of ensuring the quality of railway vehicle maintenance. It has become the concern of many railway vehicle maintenance workers. This part introduces a new type of inspection tool for railway vehicle maintenance and its application in railway vehicle maintenance.

工业内窥镜在车辆维修检测中的应用

Application of industrial endoscope in vehicle maintenance and inspection

工业内窥镜检测与其他无损检测方式较大的不同是，它可以直接反映出被检测物体内外表面的情况，而不需要通过数据的对比或检测人员的技能和经验来判断缺陷的存在与否。并且在检测的同时，我们可以使用工业内窥镜设备对整个检测过程进行动态的录影记录或照相记录，并能对发现的缺陷进行定量分析，测量缺陷的长度，面积等数据。

Industrial endoscope testing is different from other nondestructive testing methods in that it can directly reflect the internal and external surface conditions of the tested object, and does not need to judge the existence of defects through data comparison or the skills and experience of testing personnel. And at the same time, we can use the industrial endoscope equipment for dynamic video recording or photographic recording of the whole detection process, and can quantitatively analyze the defects found, and measure the length, area and other data of defects.

总的来说工业内窥镜检测在铁路行业中的应用非常的广泛，涉及到铁路工程车辆和运输车辆的开发制造，维护检修等不同的领域，甚在铁路的基建过程，如桥梁和隧道的建造，维修中也能找到工业内窥镜的应用。那么在铁路车辆的检修工作中，内窥镜的主要应用包括齿轮箱，空心水平车轴，电动机，转向架侧架，摇枕和避震弹簧，空调换气系统检查等各方面。

In general, industrial endoscope detection is widely used in the railway industry, involving the development, manufacturing, maintenance and repair of railway engineering vehicles and transport vehicles, and even in the process of railway infrastructure construction, such as the construction and maintenance of bridges and tunnels. So in the maintenance of railway vehicles, the main application of endoscope includes gearbox, hollow horizontal axle, motor, bogie side frame, bolster and shock spring, air conditioning and ventilation system inspection and other aspects.
              

齿轮箱检查

Gearbox inspection

随着机车的使用和运行，不可避免的是牵引齿轮箱会出现齿轮磨损，咬合不良等问题，情况严重的甚会导致齿轮箱报废和脱轨。使用工业内窥镜检测方式，利用其可弯曲导向的插入管，通过齿轮箱的油量观察口进入齿轮箱内部，检查齿轮情况和齿轮箱底部是否有异物存在。这样的检查方式能够非常直观地表现齿轮箱内部的情况，并且通过工业内窥镜的图像记录功能，我们能够将检查到的情况进行照相存档，并使远程诊断得以实现。

With the use and operation of the locomotive, it is inevitable that the traction gearbox will have problems such as gear wear, bad occlusion, etc., and even lead to the scrapping and derailment of the gearbox. Using the industrial endoscope detection method, using its flexible guide insertion tube, through the oil quantity observation port of the gearbox, it enters into the gearbox to check the gear condition and whether there are foreign matters at the bottom of the gearbox. This kind of inspection method can intuitively show the internal situation of the gearbox, and through the image recording function of the industrial endoscope, we can take photos and archive the detected situation, and realize the remote diagnosis.

牵引电动机检查

Inspection of traction motor

车的牵引电动机通常安装在机车底部，不但启动停车频繁，运行中振动大而且安装空间狭小，又要承受风沙、雨、雪及灰尘的侵袭，使用条件非常恶劣，因而极易发生故障。一般来讲电动机的故障主要会有电机环火(电动机进油或电刷不良碎裂引起)，绝缘破损，轴承磨损，绕线组间或引出线，刷架联线的断裂。在段修时，我们需要完全拆卸分解电动机才能完成检查，但是运用工业内窥镜以后，我们就可以通过维修窗或冷却孔插入工业内窥镜进行检查，来观察电动机内部的油污，积炭，轴承及引线状况。

The traction motor is usually installed at the bottom of the locomotive, which not only starts and stops frequently, but also vibrates greatly in operation, and the installation space is narrow, and it also bears the invasion of sand, rain, snow and dust. The service conditions are very bad, so it is very easy to fail. Generally speaking, the main faults of the motor are motor ring fire (caused by motor oil or bad broken brush), insulation damage, bearing wear, winding group or lead wire, brush holder wire breakage. During depot repair, we need to completely dismantle and disassemble the motor to complete the inspection. However, after using the industrial endoscope, we can insert the industrial endoscope through the maintenance window or cooling hole for inspection to observe the oil stain, carbon deposit, bearing and lead condition inside the motor.

除了以上提到的一些检查应用，工业视频内窥镜还被应用于很多的检查。比如说对车厢的空调通风系统的检查，维修机车柴油内燃齿轮箱的检查，城市轨道车辆车门系统检查，铁路基建工程如隧道，桥梁的施工建造质量检查和老化检查等等。

In addition to the above mentioned examination applications, industrial video endoscopy is also used in many examinations. For example, the inspection of the air conditioning and ventilation system of the carriage, the inspection of diesel internal combustion gearbox of maintenance locomotive, the inspection of door system of urban rail vehicles, the construction quality inspection and aging inspection of railway infrastructure projects such as tunnels and bridges, etc.

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